↑ Hoffman, Joel M. (2004). In the beginning: a short history of the Hebrew language. New York, NY [u.a.]: New York Univ. Press. tr. 23, 24. ISBN978-0-8147-3654-8. Truy cập ngày 2 tháng 4 năm 2019. [..] by the year 1000 B.C.E., the Phoenicians were writing in a 22-letter consonantal script [..] their system did nothing to indicate the vowels in a word. The Hebrews, however, solved this problem. They took three letters [..] and used them to represent vowels [..] called matres lectionis [..]
↑ Naveh, Joseph (1987), “Proto-Canaanite, Archaic Greek, and the Script of the Aramaic Text on the Tell Fakhariyah Statue”, trong Miller và đồng nghiệp, Ancient Israelite Religion .
